home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
Internet Surfer 2.0
/
Internet Surfer 2.0 (Wayzata Technology) (1996).iso
/
pc
/
text
/
mac
/
faqs.234
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1996-02-12
|
28KB
|
808 lines
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQS);faqs.234
Theobromine is also present in differing amounts in different kinds of
chocolate. Cocoa powder has none; milk chocolate relatively little.
Dark chocolate has more and baking/bitter chocolate has quite a bit.
3. Poisonous houseplants
(from Carlson & Giffin.)
* That give rash after contact with the skin or mouth:
(mums might produce dermatitis)
chrysanthemum poinsettia creeping fig
weeping fig spider mum pot mum
* Irritating (toxic oxalates), especially the mouth gets swollen;
tongue pain; sore lips; some swell so quickly a tracheotomy is
needed before asphyxiation:
arrowhead vine majesty boston ivy
neththytis ivy colodium pathos
emerald duke red princess heart leaf (philodendron)
split leaf (phil.) saddle leaf (phil.) marble queen
* Toxic plants - may contain wide variety of poisons. Most cause
vomiting, abdominal pain, cramps. Some cause tremors, heart and
respiratory and/or kidney problems, which are difficult for
owner to interpret:
amaryllis elephant ears pot mum
asparagus fern glocal ivy ripple ivy
azalea heart ivy spider mum
bird of paradise ivy sprangeri fern
creeping charlie jerusalem cherry umbrella plant
crown of thorns needlepoint ivy
4. Poisonous outdoor plants
(from Carlson & Giffin.)
* Produce vomiting and diarrhea in some cases:
delphinium poke weed indian tobacco
daffodil bittersweet woody wisteria
castor bean ground cherry soap berry
indian turnip fox glove skunk cabbage
larkspur
* May produce vomiting, abdominal pain, and in some cases diarrhea
horse chestnut buckeye western yew apricot, almond
rain tree monkey pod english holly peach, cherry
privet wild cherry mock orange
japanese plum american yew bird of paradise
balsam pear english yew black locust
* Varied toxic effect
rhubarb buttercup moonseed
spinach nightshade may apple
sunburned potatoes poison hemolock dutchman's breeches
tomato vine jimson weed mescal bean
loco weed pig weed angel's trumpet
lupine water hemlock jasmine
dologeton mushrooms matrimony vine
dumb cane
* Hallucinogens
marijuana periwinkle morning glory
peyote nutmeg loco weed
* Convulsions
china berry nux vomica coriaria
water hemlock moon weed
N. Aging.
Although aging is irreversible, some of the infirmities of an older
dog may in fact be due to disease and therefore correctable or
preventable. It is important for any dog over six years of age to be
examined thoroughly every six months.
1. Behavioral changes
(summarized from Carlson & Giffin)
Older dogs are more complacent, less energetic and curious. They may
be forgetful, and sleep more. Crankiness and irritability are common.
They are less tolerant of changes in the environment; in particular
you may wish to have someone come by and check the dog at home rather
than kennel it when you leave on vacation. Older dogs in hospitals
and kennels go off their feed, become overanxious, and bark frequently.
2. Physical changes
(summarized from Carlson & Giffin)
Loss of muscular tone and lessened activity may result in the neck and
body becoming more bulky, but the legs more thin. Resistance to cold
is impaired and older dogs should always have a warm and draft-free
bed. Arthritic dogs may need a padded surface on which to sleep.
Moderate exercise helps keep the joints supple, and should be
encouraged, but not beyond its ability to do so. Also, some
conditions, such as heart trouble, may necessitate restraining it from
exercise. Toe nails will require more frequent trimming. Stiffening
joints may make it more difficult for the dog to keep its genital and
anal areas clean. The skin may dry out and require some care to keep
it clean and less dry.
Loss of hearing and sight may occur. Tooth and gum disease is fairly
common. Kidney failure and disease is more common (look for increased
thirst and other symptoms of kidney failure). Incontinence (mostly in
older spayed females, treatable with estrogen) may appear.
An older dog needs less calories; the food must be of high quality so
that it still gets the nutrition it needs with fewer calories.
3. Geriatric Vestibular Disorder
Common in older dogs, apparently something happens neurologically in
the connection between the brain and the inner ear (sometimes
infection, sometimes inflammation). Very little is actually known
about it, but it does tend to subside after about a day or so.
Unfortunately, the dog is generally unable to eat or drink, as it is
completely disoriented.
Dogs rarely show any enduring effects from such an episode other than
sometimes their head leaning or tilting to one side.
----------------
This file is Copyright (c) 1992 by Cindy Tittle Moore. It may be
freely distributed in its entirety provided that this copyright notice
is not removed. It may not be sold for profit nor incorporated in
commercial documents without the author's written permission.
Cindy Tittle Moore
Internet: tittle@ics.uci.edu UUCP: ...!ucbvax!ucivax!tittle
Bitnet : cltittle@uci USmail: PO BOX 4188, Irvine CA 92716
----------------
Xref: bloom-picayune.mit.edu rec.pets.dogs:24198 news.answers:4600
Path: bloom-picayune.mit.edu!enterpoop.mit.edu!senator-bedfellow.mit.edu!senator-bedfellow.mit.edu!usenet
From: tittle@ics.uci.edu (Cindy Tittle Moore)
Newsgroups: rec.pets.dogs,news.answers
Subject: rec.pets.dogs: Introduction FAQ
Supersedes: <dogs-faq/introduction_721807216@athena.mit.edu>
Followup-To: poster
Date: 15 Dec 1992 18:59:11 GMT
Organization: University of California at Irvine: ICS Dept.
Lines: 872
Sender: tittle
Approved: news-answers-request@mit.edu
Expires: 28 Jan 1993 18:59:02 GMT
Message-ID: <dogs-faq/introduction_724445942@athena.mit.edu>
Reply-To: tittle@ics.uci.edu
NNTP-Posting-Host: pit-manager.mit.edu
X-Last-Updated: 1992/09/26
Archive-name: dogs-faq/introduction
Version: 2.4
Last-modified: 25 September 1992
This is one (of ten) of the FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) Lists
for rec.pets.dogs. It is posted on a monthly basis: updates,
additions, and corrections (including attributions) are always
welcome: send email to one of the addresses below.
The ten parts are all archived at pit-manager.mit.edu (18.172.1.27) in
the directory /pub/usenet/news.answers/dogs-faq. The files are:
introduction, new, health-care, medical-info, training, working,
AKC-titles, misc1, misc2, and references. To obtain the files, first
try ftp to pit-manager.mit.edu and look under that directory. If ftp
does not work from your site, then try the mail server: send email to
mail-server@pit-manager.mit.edu with
send usenet/news.answers/dogs-faq/introduction
send usenet/news.answers/dogs-faq/new
send usenet/news.answers/dogs-faq/health-care
send usenet/news.answers/dogs-faq/medical-info
send usenet/news.answers/dogs-faq/training
send usenet/news.answers/dogs-faq/working
send usenet/news.answers/dogs-faq/AKC-titles
send usenet/news.answers/dogs-faq/misc1
send usenet/news.answers/dogs-faq/misc2
send usenet/news.answers/dogs-faq/references
in the body of the message (leave the subject line empty). If you
don't want all of them, include only the lines of the ones you want.
You do have to repeat the path information for each file.
Changes and additions indicated with |'s.
I. Introduction
A. Introduction to rec.pets.dogs.
B. FAQ's for rec.pets.dogs.
C. Acronyms.
D. Abbreviations.
E. Glossary.
F. Kennel Clubs.
G. Mailing Lists.
H. Acknowledgements.
A. Introduction to rec.pets.dogs.
Rec.pets.dogs is a newsgroup devoted to domestic canine issues. This
group can be friendly and helpful. Flamewars are generally limited to
several topics: crating dogs, training by the Koheler method, docking
and cropping, animal rights activism, wolf hybrids and pit-bull (or
other breed) dog bans. New readers are advised against starting these
topics up on the newsgroup as long, protracted, and inflammatory
discussions often ensue. The facts pertaining to these controversial
topics are covered in the FAQ's. This is not to say that these topics
are forbidden from discussion on rec.pets.dogs, but that readers would
greatly appreciate it if you checked out what the FAQ had to say on
them to make sure you have something new to contribute.
This newsgroup was formed in the summer of 1991. It is a splinter
group from rec.pets, which originally carried the canine as well as
other topics. Joe DiBenedetto proposed the split and collected the
votes, which proved more than enough for its official creation.
Michael Mahler attempted a FAQ in 1991 that consisted of compiled but
unedited articles saved from the net. Due to time constraints, he
gave up the project, and I received copies of the articles that he had
saved and incorporated much of them in here from other readers. I
have heard of other attempts at FAQ's well, but no real details.
1. Charter
There exists no official charter for this group. However,
unofficially, this group exists to discuss anything related to
canines.
2. Asking questions
By all means, ask questions on this newsgroup, that's what this is
for. Most of us are more than happy to help you out. There are some
things you might want to keep in mind, though:
Is it a frequently asked question? If you have a question about
housetraining, for example, you might find the answer in one of the
group's FAQ. It's entirely possible you have a question not covered
in the FAQ, but it helps to check first.
Are you giving us enough information? Sometimes people ask brief
questions that don't get the responses they wanted. This is often
because the brevity of the question leads many readers to infer other
possibilities. In particular, questions like "I want a dog that stays
outside," "I want a dog for the kids, what's a good one," "I want a
dog for protection" will generate many followups that are concerned
with whether or not you really should get a dog, along with
recommendations of books that you should read first. If you've
already done your homework, by all means, take the extra time to
describe that in your request so that you can get more useful
responses.
B. FAQ's for rec.pets.dogs.
1. Ten monthly posted FAQ's
There are ten FAQ's, split up by topic rather than by length. All
nine are posted regularly. The first one, "Introduction," is this
file, which gives a brief description of this group, details common
acronyms, includes a glossary, describes several national kennel
clubs, and thanks the people who made this all possible. The second,
"New Owners, New Dogs," is aimed at new dog owners and puppies. Thus
it contains information on the needs of puppies and helps the new or
inexperienced owner get started. The third, "Health Care Issues," is
an overview of the sort of health issues every dog owner should know
about: basic information on vaccinations, how to tell when something
is wrong, etc. The fourth FAQ, "Canine Medical Information," gives
detailed information on a number of diseases and other problems that
dogs can have. The fifth FAQ, "Dog Behavior, Problems and Training,"
outlines the way dogs think and presents common behavioral problems
along with suggested constructive solutions. In addition, it dicusses
training methods, communication with your dog, and suggests ways for
teaching basic commands. The sixth FAQ, "Companion and Working Dogs"
covers the amazing variety of things that dogs can do. The seventh,
"American Kennel Club Titles," covers AKC test requirements and
discusses showing. It also briefly discusses breed clubs associated
with the AKC and titles obtainable through those clubs. The eighth
and ninth FAQs, "Assorted Topics," contains a variety of topics that
did not fit any particular theme, such as wolf-hybrids, breeding, and
allergies. The last and tenth FAQ is a simple compendium of the
references that are liberally sprinkled throughout the other FAQ's,
plus additional books, articles, catalogues, mail-order companies and
organizations.
There is certainly room for more FAQ's -- the world of dog fanciers is
a wide one indeed! In general, I welcome suggestions on ways to
improve FAQ's or construct new ones. I am particularly appreciative
of written-up contributions. The format of the FAQ's has been chosen
to provide individually useful files. Each of the files is also less
than 65K in order to meet mailer standards. Most mailers can handle
100K or more, but there are some out there that have a limit of 65K,
so I tried to accomodate those.
2. Table of contents across the FAQ's
I. Introduction
A. Introduction to rec.pets.dogs.
B. FAQ's for rec.pets.dogs.
C. Acronyms.
D. Abbreviations.
E. Glossary.
F. Kennel Clubs.
G. Acknowledgements.
II. New Owners, New Dogs.
Prologue.
A. What Kind of Dog?
B. What are My Responsibilities?
C. Where?
D. Veterinarians.
E. Puppies.
F. Puppy-Proofing Your Home.
G. Feeding Your Puppy.
H. Teething.
I. Chew Toys.
J. Preliminary Training.
K. Socialization of Puppies.
L. Housetraining Your Puppy.
M. Living with Other Pets.
N. People Food.
III. Health Care Issues
Prologue
A. In General.
B. Dental Care.
C. Trimming Nails.
D. Overheating.
E. Neutering.
F. Bathing.
G. Skin Problems.
H. Vaccinations.
I. Disease Transmission (Zoonoses).
J. Worms.
K. Pills and Dosing.
L. Vomiting.
M. Poisons.
N. Aging.
IV. Canine Medical Information
Prologue
A. Anal Sacs.
B. Anesthetics.
C. Breathing Disorders.
D. Bloody Stools.
E. Brucellosis.
F. Canine Parvovirus (CPV).
G. Chrondodysplasia (CHD or Chd).
H. Distemper.
I. Eye Problems.
J. Gastric Torsion (gastric dilation, torsion complex).
K. Heartworms.
L. Hip Dysplasia (HD, or C(anine)HD).
M. Infectious Canine Hepatitis.
N. Kennel Cough (Infectious Tracheobronchitis).
O. Kidney Failure.
P. Leptospirosis.
Q. Osteochondrosis Dissecans (OCD).
R. Thyroid Disorders.
V. Dog Behavior, Problems and Training.
A. Understanding Your Dog.
B. Principles Behind Dominance.
C. Dominance Problems.
D. Housetraining Problems.
E. Submissive Urination.
F. Other Common Problems.
G. Comments on Obedience Training
H. Attention.
I. Corrections.
J. Using Food.
K. Training and Corrective Collars.
L. Learning to Sit.
M. Down, Stay, Off.
N. Heeling.
O. Learning Recall.
P. Beyond Basic Obedience.
VI. Companion and Working Dogs.
A. Dogs for the Blind
B. Hearing and Signal Dogs.
C. Canine Companions for Independence.
D. Therapy Dogs.
E. Search and Rescue Dogs.
F. Water Rescue Dogs.
G. Narcotics and Evidence Dogs.
H. Schutzhund.
I. Police Dogs.
J. Sled Dogs.
K. Gaming Dogs.
VII. American Kennel Club Titles
A. Showing.
B. Conformation.
C. Obedience.
D. Field and Hunting.
E. Tracking.
F. Herding.
G. Championships.
H. Other AKC Titles.
I. AKC Breed Clubs.
VIII. Assorted Topics (Part I).
A. Acquiring Older Dogs.
B. A New Baby.
C. Breeding is Not Easy.
D. Crate Training.
E. Docking and Cropping.
F. Dog Food Analyses and Comparisons.
G. Dog Vision.
H. Early Neutering.
I. Example of a Spay/Neuter Contract.
J. Facts and Opinions about Neutering.
K. Finding a Home for a Dog.
L. Guard or Protection Dogs.
M. Housetraining Topics.
N. Invisible and Electric Fences.
IX. Assorted Topics (Part II).
A. Owner Allergies.
B. Pet Doors.
C. Pet Identification and Theft.
D. Pet Insurance.
E. Pet Sitting and Kennel Services.
F. Record Keeping.
G. Removing Odors and Stains.
H. Separation Anxiety.
I. Showing and Breeding your Purebred Dog.
J. Travel and International Travel.
K. Vicious Dogs.
L. Wolves and Wolf Hybrids.
X. References.
A. Books.
B. Articles.
C. Companies and Catalogues.
D. Magazines.
E. Organizations.
3. FAQ's for particular breeds
In addition to these monthly posted FAQ's, there are available FAQ's
for specific breeds. These are posted rarely, perhaps once or twice a
year. They are available via anonymous ftp to pit-manager.mit.edu
(18.172.1.27) under pub/usenet/news.answers/dogs-faq/<breed>. For the
exact file name, check the name in parentheses after the breed. If you
do not have anonymous ftp, send email to mail-server@pit-manager.mit.edu
with "send usenet/news.answers/dogs-faq/<breed>" in the subject line,
leaving the message body empty. For example, to reference Bloodhounds,
you would use usenet/news.answers/dogs-faq/bloodhounds.
If you do not see your favorite breed below, send me email if you want
to put one together yourself! (Addresses are at the end of this
post.) I only wrote one of these, as a guide for the rest of them.
These FAQ's have been contributed by fellow rec.pets.dogs readers.
Currently, FAQ's are available for:
Bloodhounds (bloodhounds).
Collies (collies).
Greyhounds (greyhounds).
Labradors (labradors).
C. Acronyms.
New readers frequently have trouble understanding the acronyms that
have developed in this group. Other acronyms are widely used among
dog fanciers.
A partial listing (feel free to send in contributions):
1. General acronyms
AHBA American Herding Breeds Association.
AKC: American Kennel Club.
AWTA: American Working Terrier Association.
ALF: Animal Liberation Front (USA animal rights activist group).
ASCA: Australian Shepherd Club of America
BIS: Best in Show.
BOB: Best of Breed (male or female).
BOS: Best Opposite Sex (to BOB).
BW: Best of Winners.
CEA: Collie Eye Anomaly.
CERF: Canine Eye Registration Foundation: registers "normal eyed dogs".
CHD/HD: Hip Dysplasia.
CKC: Canadian Kennel Club.
CPI: Canine Parainfluenza.
CPV: Canine Parvovirus.
DHLPP: Distempter, Hepatitis, Leptospirosis, Parainfluenza, Parvovirus shot
FDSB: Field Dog Stud Book; a registry of pointing dogs published by the
American Field Publishing Company. Many pointing dogs are dual
registered AKC/FDSB.
GSD: German Shepherd Dog.
IM(H)O: In My (Honest/Humble) Opinion.
KC: Kennel Club (of Great Britain).
KPC/T: Kindergarten Puppy Class/Training.
NQ'd: Not Qualified -- disqualified from the ring
OES: Old English Sheepdog.
OCD: Osteochondrosis Dissecans (separation of joint cartilage)
OFA: Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (hip certification).
PETA: People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (USA animal rights
activist group).
PRA: Progressive Retinal Atrophy.
RBKC: Rare Breed Kennel Club.
ROM: Register of Merit, awarded by parent clubs of specific breeds.
RWB: Reserve Winner's Bitch.
RWD: Reserve Winner's Dog.
SKC: States Kennel Club (mainly active in the South and New England)
UKC: United Kennel Club.
WB: Winner's Bitch.
WD: Winner's Dog.
WH: Wolf Hybrids.
2. Titles
CD: (AKC) Companion Dog.
CDX: (AKC) Companion Dog Excellent.
UD: (AKC) Utility Dog.
OTCH: (AKC) Obedience Trial Champion.
JH: (AKC) Junior Hunter.
SH: (AKC) Senior Hunter.
MH: (AKC) Master Hunter.
TD: (AKC) Tracking Dog.
TDX: (AKC) Tracking Dog Excellent.
UDT: (AKC) Utility Dog Tracking.
HT: (AKC) Herding Tested.
PT: (AKC) Pre-Trial Tested.
HS: (AKC) Herding Started.
HI: (AKC) Herding Intermediate.
HX: (AKC) Herding Excellent.
HCH: (AKC) Herding Champion.
FTC: (AKC) Field Trial Champion.
AFC: (AKC) Amateur Field Champion.
NFC: (AKC) National Field Champion.
NAFC: (AKC) National Amateur Field Champion.
CGC: (AKC) Canine Good Citizen.
CD: (CKC) Companion Dog.
CDX: (CKC) Companion Dog Excellent.
UD: (CKC) Utility Dog.
OTCH: (CKC) Obedience Trial Champion.
UDT: (CKC) Utility Dog Tracker (abbrev. for UD TD)
UDTX: (CKC) Utility Dog Tracker Excellent (UD TDX)
HIC, HC (AHBA) Herding [Instinct] Certified.
CG: (AWTA) Certificate of Gameness, soon to be an AKC title
WC: (AWTA) Working Certificate (only dogs who go to ground)
AGHC: (AWTA) Above Ground Hunting Certificate
CH: Champion, usually with country in front of it, e.g., Br. CH,
Am. CH, Can. CH. A number of different kennel clubs offer
CH. titles.
Sch I,
II, III (Schutzhund) consecutive working titles
FH: (Schutzhund) Fahrtenhund (advanced tracking title, comparable to TDX)
AD: (Schutzhund) Ausdauer (endurance test)
VB: (Schutzhund) Traffic Secure.
TT: (American Temperament Test Society) Temperament test.
STD: (ASCA) Started Trial Dog (s/d/c suffix: sheep, ducks, cattle).
OTD: (ASCA) Open Trial Dog (same suffixes).
ATD: (ASCA) Advanced Trial Dog (same suffixes).
HR: (UKC) Hunter Retriever
HRCH: (UKC) Hunter Retriever Champion
GR HRCH:(UKC) Grand Hunter Retriever Champion
TDI: Therapy Dogs International
D. Abbreviations
Dobie: Doberman Pinscher.
Golden: Golden Retriever.
Lab, esp. Yellow/Black Lab: Labrador Retriever.
Mal: Alaskan Malamute.
Newfie: Newfoundland.
Parvo: Canine Parvovirus.
Rottie: Rottweiler.
Sheltie: Shetland Sheepdog.
Sib: Siberian Husky.
E. Glossary
alpha: Dogs recognize intricate social hierarchies. The one "on top"
is "alpha." Alpha can also be relative, denoting which of a pair of
dogs dominates the other. Packs include humans where applicable, and
owners should always be alpha to their dogs.
bitch: A female dog. Not used in a derogatory sense.
bitchy: A male dog showing female characteristics (e.g., in size
and weight).
bloom: Glossiness of coat.
brace: A pair of dogs.
brisket: Front of chest between forelegs.
brood bitch: Female used for breeding.
coupling: That part of the body between the shoulders and hips; some
dogs are short coupled and others are longer coupled (aka "standing
over more ground").
crabbing: A dog that moves toward you with its body at an angle
rather than straight on. Also called side-wheeling or side-winding.
croup: The portion of the back directly above the hind legs, before
the tail.
dam: The female parent.
dewclaws: Rudimentary toes often removed shortly after birth.
dewlap: The skin on the throat.
dish faced: Where the tip of the nose is higher than the stop.
dog: 1. Any dog, male or female. 2. A male dog, especially when used
in conjunction with bitch.
doggy: A female dog showing male characteristics, especially in weight
and size.
eyeteeth: The upper canines.
flews: Pendulous upper lips.
heat: The mating period for bitches.
hocks: The joints above the pasterns of the legs.
pad: The cushioned part of the foot.
pastern: The part of the leg below the knee in rear legs.
Schutzhund: A German-developed training regimen for protective work
used world-wide. Only strong, determined, and aggressive dogs do well
with Schutzhund. Both dogs and bitches have been trained in
Schutzhund. German Shepherd Dogs are traditionally associated with
Schutzhund, but medium to large dogs of any breed may be so trained.
second thigh: The area of the hindquarters between the hock and the
stifle.
septum: The vertical line between the nostrils.
show dog: A dog bred for conformation to its breed standard and shown
in competition on that basis.
sire: The male parent.
stifle: The upper joint of the rear legs, corresponding to humans' knees.
stop: The point between a dog's eyes.
stud: Male dog used for breeding.
withers: The highest point of the shoulders, right behind the neck.
F. Kennel Clubs.
(condensed from _Reader's Digest Illustrated Book of Dogs_., pgs 368-377)
There are organizations set up around the world for animals. Although
the character of each differs, the basic responsiblities of a kennel
club include:
* Recognizing breeds. The criteria for being recognized varies a
great deal from country to country.
* Maintaining breed registries. Issues certificates of registration
to owners of dogs that qualify.
* Compiling stud books. Traces ancestries of registered dogs as far
back as records have been kept for that breed.
* Establishing breed standards. Publishes descriptions of the ideal
dog for each breed, to help with judging breeds in show.
* Sponsoring dog shows and trials. Enforces procedures to be
followed to insure merited reception of awards.
* Approval of judges, and judging procedures. Sets standards of
knowledge for a judge.
Often, national kennel clubs accept as members or affiliates canine
clubs devoted to particular breeds that sponsor their own
competitions. Other independent clubs set their own breed standards.
Although show trials are the most common, where a dog's appearance is
the sole criterion for awards, outdoor competition is also popular:
hunting, tracking, obedience, herding, and lure-coursing are some of
the alternatives. In these only performance counts.
1. American Kennel Club
AKC
51 Madison Avenue
New York, NY 10010
See American Kennel Club Titles FAQ for more information.
2. Australian National Kennel Council
ANKC
Administrative Buildings
Royal Showgrounds, Ascot Vale
3032, Victoria
Each of the eight Australian states/territories has its own canine
club, but the controlling body is ANKC. Established in 1958, its
objective is to propose uniform policies and procedures for all of
Australia, although member clubs are not compelled to adopt any of the
procedures. There are only minor administrative differences, however,
and champions in one state are recognized as such in others.
Major Australian show classes are
Baby puppies (4-6 mos)
Minor puppies (6-9 mos)
Puppy class (6-12 mos)
Junior class (6-18 mos)
Intermediate class (18mos to 3yrs)
Australian-bred class (6mos and over, born in Australia)
Open class (any dog, generally 1yr and over)
Ear cropping is illegal in Australia, and ANKC considers dogs with
cropped ears ineligible for registration.
The judging system is based on points, accumulated from being judged
Best of Sex; the number of points reflects the number of competitors
over which the dog won (with minimum and maximum limits). Dogs are
judged by breed standards established by the Kennel Club (Britain),
except for breeds of Australian origin. Highest title: Breed Champion.
ANKC groups:
Toy
Sporting terrier
Gun dog
Hound
Working
Utility
Non-sporting
3. Canadian Kennel Club
CKC
89 Skyway Avenue
Rexdale, Ontario M9W 6R4
The club was formed in 1888 when Canadians became determined to have
their own club after AKC's four year inclusion of Canada in its
beginning. The two clubs have worked closely together since then, e.g.,
reciprocal recognition of each other's stud books and judges. There
are similar judging systems, many common regulations, and most of the
same breed standards.
The judging system is based on points. A dog must accumulate 10
points under at least three different judges at shows held under CKC
regulations. Points are awarded based on the number of dogs in
competition and handed to each Best of Sex winner. Up to five
additional points may be awarded should the dog then place in its
group or win Best in Show.
They also sponsor obedience trials and tracking tests. They offer CD,
CDX, UD, OTCH (equivalent to UD [?]), TD, and TDX. The CKC offered
TDX before the AKC did -- American tracking enthusiasts used to go to
Canada for TDX because nothing past TD was offered in the US.
Unusually among kennel clubs, the CKC is responsible to the federal
government in registering its dogs. Selling a pure-bred puppy without
first registering it carries penalties. Pedigreed dogs must be
identified on registration forms by either tattoo or noseprint.